화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol.32, No.14, 2413-2420, 1994
Hopping Conduction in Pure Polypropylene
A recently developed theory of steady-state conduction in high-density polyethylene is applied to "pure" polypropylene (PP) in the temperature range 50-93-degrees-C. Morphological changes occur in PP, including a disordered-amorphous to monoclinic-amorphous transition between 50 and 80-degrees-C, where, with increasing temperature T, free volume increases, and decreases with decreasing amorphous fraction. The latter competing processes lead to large increases in hopping site separation, lambda, in the transition region, followed either by saturation or a maximum in lambda vs. T. We speculate that segmental and/or main chain molecular motions lower apparent activation energies, are "pinned" by applied field, and impeded by dangling bonds in regions surrounding the surfaces of crystallites. Our analysis is semiquantitative only, because the latter mechanisms have not been adequately quantified, and the relative contributions of each are unknown. Measurements were carried out on heated and cooled disordered-amorphous, and 106-degrees-C, 17-h annealed, 43% crystalline samples. Hopping distances, obtained from measured current vs. applied field characteristics, ranged from 1.2 to 5.2 nm. Apparent activation energies up to 1.80 eV were obtained from ln (I/T) vs. (1/T) plots. Remarkable plateaus in the temperature range of the transition were observed in these plots, implying some carrier conduction with near zero activation energy. Possible explanations for the latter, and the electronic nature of the carriers are given. X-ray and density flotation measurements enabled crystallinity determinations.