액체 윤활제 첨가제용 알킬 기능화된 산화 그래핀의 합성/분산 및 트라이볼로지적 특성

최진영; 김용재; 이창섭; Jin-Yeong Choe; Yong-Jae Kim; Chang-Seop Lee

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.29, No.5, 533-540, October, 2018

DOI10.14478/ace.2018.1038 Export Citation

액체 윤활제 첨가제용 알킬 기능화된 산화 그래핀의 합성/분산 및 트라이볼로지적 특성

Synthesis, Dispersion, and Tribological Characteristics of Alkyl Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Oil-based Lubricant Additives

최진영, 김용재, 이창섭^†

계명대학교 자연대 화학과

Jin-Yeong Choe, Yong-Jae Kim, and Chang-Seop Lee^†

Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea

E-mail:

초록

그래핀은 표면 에너지가 낮고 원자단위의 얇은 물질로서 다양한 소재의 표면에 코팅시키거나 윤활제에 분산시켜 접착력과 마찰을 줄여주는 우수한 윤활유 첨가제로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화 그래핀 나노시트를 세 가지 종류의 염화알킬(butyl chloride, octyl chloride 및 tetradecyl chloride)을 이용하여 액체 윤활제 첨가제용 기능화 산화 그래핀(alkyl functionalized GO, FGO)을 제조하였다. 제조한 기능화 산화 그래핀의 화학적 및 구조적 특성은 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM)으로 분석하였다. 제조한 기능화 산화 그래핀은 PAO-0W40 오일에 0.02 wt%의 농도로 분산시켰으며, 트라이볼로지적 특성을 high frequency friction/wear tester로 분석한 결과, FGO-14이 첨가된 PAO-0W40 오일은 ball-on-disk의 직선왕복운동 하에서 기유에 비해 ~5.88%의 마찰계수와 ~3.8%의 마모 트랙 폭을 감소시킴으로써 내마모성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 산화 그래핀의 성공적인 기능화와 더불어 다양한 탄화수소사슬 길이에 따른 분산 안정성 및 트라이볼로지적 특성의 향상을 입증하였다.

Graphene has been reported to be an excellent lubricant additive that reduces friction and wear when coated on the surface of various materials or when dispersed in lubricants as an atomic thin material with the low surface energy. In this study, alkyl functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanosheets for oil-based lubricant additives were prepared by using three types of alkyl chloride chemicals (butyl chloride, octyl chloride, and tetradecyl chloride). The chemical and structural properties of the synthesized FGOs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized FGOs were dispersed at 0.02 wt% in PAO-0W40 oil and its tribological characteristics were investigated using a high frequency friction/wear tester. The friction coefficient and the wear track width of poly alpha olefin (PAO) oil added with FGO-14 were tested by a ball-on-disk method, and the measured results were reduced by ~5.88 and ~3.8%, respectively compared with those of the conventional PAO oil. Thus, it was found that the wear resistance of PAO oil was improved. In this study, we demonstrated the successful functionalization of GO as well as the improvement of dispersion stability and tribological characteristics of FGOs based on various alkyl chain lengths.

Keywords:Graphene oxide;Functionalization;Lubrication;Tribology;Additive

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[1] Chen Z, Liu Y, Luo J, J. Mech. Eng., 29, 439 (2016)

[2] Yokohata T, Kato K, Miyamoto Y, Kaneko R, J. Tribol., 120, 503 (1998)

[3] Holmberg K, Andersson P, Erdemir A, Tribol. Int., 47, 221 (2012)

[4] Tevet O, Von-Huth P, Popovitz-Biro R, Rosentsveig R, Wagner HD, Tenne R, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 108, 19901 (2011)

[5] Tian Y, Li Z, Gao W, Cai K, Wang F, Zhang D, Fatikow S, J. Appl. Phys., 115, 14308 (2014)

[6] Chhowalla M, Amaratunga GA, Nature, 407, 164 (2000)

[7] Geim AK, Novoselov KS, Nature Mater., 6, 183 (2007)

[8] Berman D, Erdemir A, Surmant AV, Mater. Today, 17, 31 (2014)

[9] Kim KS, Lee HJ, Lee C, Lee SK, Jang H, Ahn JH, Kim JH, Lee HJ, ACS Nano, 5, 5107 (2011)

[10] Rho SB, Lee H, Son KH, J. Korea Acad. Ind. Coop. Soc., 16, 2308 (2015)

[11] Chen H, Xiao L, Xu Y, Zeng X, Ye ZB, J. Nanomater., 2016, 871625 (2016)

[12] Ma WS, Li J, Deng BJ, Zhao XS, J. Mater. Sci., 48(1), 156 (2013)

[13] Lee SH, Yun JM, Kwon J, Kim SO, Polym. Sci. Technol., 22, 130 (2011)

[14] Zhang W, Zhou M, Zhu H, Tian Y, Wang K, Wei J, Wu D, J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys., 44, 205303 (2011)

[15] Mungse HP, Kumar N, Khatri OP, RSC Adv., 5, 25565 (2015)

[16] Daud NA, Chieng BW, Ibrahim NA, Talib ZA, J. Eng. Sci., 13, 1 (2017)

[17] Arunvisut S, Phummanee S, Somwangthanaroj A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106(4), 2210 (2007)

[18] Jang J, Pham VH, Hur SH, Chung JS, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 424, 62 (2014)

[19] Ryu SH, Shanmugharaj AM, Chem. Eng. J., 244, 552 (2014)

[20] Sun W, Hu RZ, Zhang M, Liu JW, Zhu M, J. Power Sources, 318, 113 (2016)

[21] Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Ruoff RS, Carbon, 45, 1558 (2007)

[22] Ferrari AC, Robertson J, Phys. Rev. B, 61, 14095 (2000)

[23] Gusain R, Khatri OP, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 5612 (2013)

[24] Luo J, Jang HD, Sun T, Xiao L, He Z, Katsoulidis AP, Huang J, ACS Nano, 5, 8943 (2011)

[25] Dou X, Koltonow AR, He X, Jang HD, Wang Q, Chung YW, Huang J, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 113, 1528 (2016)