We report a kinetic model that describes in quantitative detail the formation and consumption rates of all C-1-C-6 byproducts in propylene oxidation to acrolein at 623 K on a mixed metal oxide catalyst. The kinetic model highlights the existence of two key surface intermediates, a propylene-derived allyl species and an acrolein-derived ethenyl species, as precursors to all heavy C-4-C-6 products via additive reactions with C=C and C=O bonds of propylene and oxygen-containing compounds. The model reproduces experimental molar amounts of 19 C-1-C-6 products as well as of propylene, oxygen, and water reactants as a function of propylene conversion assessed in 30 independent experiments. The model is further validated by comparing the model output to the measured isotopic distributions of C-5 products during isotopic tracer experiments with acrylic acid-C-13(3) as a probe molecule. The surface coverages of relevant species are assessed as a function of propylene conversion to infer the involvement of lattice oxygen, surface hydroxyl, and lattice oxygen vacancies as well as the major and minor pathways for the formation and consumption of the allyl and ethenyl surface species.