Novel CdSe/CaTiO3 nanocomposites are prepared in aqueous phase and used for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The modification of CdSe QDs on the surface of CaTiO3 sheet-like structure effectively increases visible light absorption of nanocomposites, improves the separation and transfer of photoinduced electrons and prevents the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Experimental results show that obtained CdSe/CaTiO3 nanocomposites possess significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. The photocatalytic hydrogen production amount of CdSe/CaTiO3 is 48 times higher than that of pure CaTiO3 and 4.14 times higher than that of CdSe QDs. Meanwhile, CdSe/CaTiO3 nanocomposites display high stability and recyclability, which is beneficial for photocatalytic hydrogen production application.