In this work, a novel enzymatic glucose photoelectrochemical biosensor was successfully fabricated based on rutile/anatase Ti-O2(R/A-TiO2) heterostructure which was composed of anatase nanowires and rutile nanorods. Compared to a rutile nanorod electrode, an obvious enhanced photocurrent was observed on R/A-TiO2 electrode in photoelectrochemical test. Excellent photoeletrochemical performance was obtained due to these follow points: higher optical absorptivity for the larger surface area, better separation of the photogenerated carriers related to the specific R/A-TiO2 heterostructure and faster electrical transmission stemmed from the unique conductive structure. This R/A-TiO2 heterostructure array was applied to glucose detection by loading glucose oxidase on R/A-TiO2 electrode. A remarkable performance with a 5.71 mu AmM(-1)cm(-2) sensitivity, 1-20mM linear range and a 0.019 mM glucose detection limit (S/N = 3) were obtained in the glucose detection.