Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is considered as the major risk factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. The high expression of HPV 16 E6 may be the causative factor for induction and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. These oncoproteins would interact with several intracellular proteins, such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 (eIF5A-1) that is essential for proliferation of eukaryotic cells. Our study explored the expression level of HPV 16 E6 and eIF5A-1 in human cervical squamous carcinoma samples and the adjacent non-cancerous cervix samples. Both C33a cells and SiHa cells transfected with a vector encoding HPV 16 E6 resulted in increase of eIF5A-1 expression level and enhancement of viability, migration and proliferation of these cells, furthermore, these effects in both C33a cells and SiHa cells could be abrogated by treatment with eIF5A-1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or the specific inhibitors ciclopirox (CPX) that was used to inhibit the function of eIF5A-1 via blocking the main enzymes deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). Our results support that the silencing the eIF5A-1 gene or blocking the DOHH could induce the apoptosis of HPV 16 E6-infected cervical carcinoma cells. Thus might provide a new approach to preventing and treating cervical cancer. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.