An efficient method for microwave-assisted low temperature catalytic elimination of primary tars using cheap biochar as catalyst has been developed along with H-2 rich syngas production. Tar removal efficiency reached 94.03% after 8 min reaction at 600 degrees C, while the concentration of H2 and syngas was up to 50.5 vol% and 94.5 vol% respectively, which were significantly comparable to conventional technologies at 700-900 degrees C. The FT-IR, ICP and EDX results indicated that the biochar surface contained O-containing functional groups and 12.6 wt% uniformly dispersed alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in the carbon skeleton. The low temperature behaviours were attributed to the hot spots, which were induced by the increased dielectric properties of biochar and decentralized AAEMs under microwave heating. Possible reaction mechanism for the elimination of primary tars over biochar catalysts were discussed based on this experimental study.