Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.122, No.42, 8370-8376, 2018
Planar Pentacoordinate versus Tetracoordinate Carbons in Ternary CBe4Li4 and CBe4Li42- Clusters
Planar hypercoordinate carbon molecules are exotic species, for which the 18-electron counting has been considered a rule. We report herein computational evidence of perfectly planar C-2v CBe4Li4 (1) and D-4h CBe4Li42- (3) clusters. These ternary species contain 16 and 18 electrons, respectively. The dianion is highly symmetric with a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC), whereas the neutral features a planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC). Thus, charge-state alters the coordination environments of a cluster. Chemical bonding analysis shows that both clusters have 2 pi and 6 sigma delocalization around the C center, suggesting that ppC or ptC clusters are governed by double pi/sigma aromaticity, rather than the 18-electron rule. The outer Be4Li4 ring in 1 and 3 also supports 2 sigma aromaticity, collectively leading to 3-fold pi/sigma aromaticity for these ppC/ptC clusters. Structural transformation from ptC (3) to ppC (1) is discussed, in which the 16-electron quasi-ptC CBe4Li4 (2) cluster serves as an intermediate. Cluster 2 as a local minimum has severe out-of-plane distortion. Flattening of 2 leads to reorganization of Be, ring around the C center, which offers space for the fifth atom to coordinate and facilitates ppC formation. The latter arrangement optimizes pi aromaticity and better manages intramolecular Coulomb repulsion. This work highlights the geometric factor (and unconventional electron counting) in the design of planar hypercoordinate carbons.