Understanding the influence of rare earth ions in improving the optical properties of glasses are important in order to extend in advanced application. The behavior of series of Er3+ (1.0-2.0 mol %) doped B2O3-TeO2-MgO-Na2O glasses synthesized by conventional melt-quenching technique are explored. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the amorphous nature of the prepared glass sample. The DTA data asserts that the addition of Er3+ increased the thermal stability from 142 to 207 degrees C. The UV-VIS NIR spectra reveal ten absorption bands centered at (4)G(11/2), H-2(9/2), F-4(5/2), F-4(7/2), H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2), F-4(9/2), I-4(9/2), I-4(11/2) and I-4(13/2) from ground state of I-4(15/2). The Judd Ofelt Omega(2) parameter values gradually decreases with the increase of erbium ions concentration from 0.5 to 2 mol %. From the Judd Ofelt parameters (Omega(t)), transition probabilities (A), branching ratios (beta(R)) of various transitions and their radiative lifetimes (tau(rad)) are calculated. The up-conversion emission spectra of Er3+ exhibit four peaks centered at 538 nm, 554 nm, 653 nm and 822 nm assigned to H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2), F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) and I-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions respectively in all samples. The maximum enhancement is evidenced at 1.5 mol% of Er2O3 by a factor of 3.11, 1.88 and 2.80 times for H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and I-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions respectively. A schematic energy level diagram is proposed. The effective band width at half maximum (FWHM) (Delta lambda(eff)), stimulated emission cross-section (delta(E)(P)) and the product of delta(E)(P) x FWHM for S-4(3/2) transitions of the glasses have also been studied and reported.