Injection moulded polymer articles often have residual macromolecular or crystalline orientation which can have a significant impact on the optical and mechanical properties of the moulded article. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to measure the molecular shape and orientation of deuterated blends of injection moulded polystyrene. For approximate to 1-mm-thick mouldings of uniform rectangular cross-section, the eccentricity in the SANS pattern gave a direct measure of the residual molecular orientation over the length scale approximate to 100-1,500 angstrom. The residual orientation was found to vary significantly with injection moulding conditions with comparative residual orientation decreasing with decreasing mould fill-time, and increasing with mould thickness and moulding temperatures. The orientation was found to be a minimum in the centre of the mould and highest near the surface and the average orientation at a particular position in the mould was found to be strongly correlated with the volume of material deposited as a solid skin layer during injection moulding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1322-1331, 2018. (c) 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers