Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are considered as cost-effective technology for separating the charged particle from flue gas. In this paper, a modified ESP model was developed to investigate the effects of charged particle on the electric field, ion density, particle charging and migration regarding various particle concentrations. Coupled processes of corona discharge, flow field, particle charging and transport were considered. Results showed that the particle space charge presented trajectory-dependent effects on the distributions of electric field and ion density in the gas flow direction. With the particle concentration increasing from 0 to 200 mg/m(3), the electric field strength on the electrode surface was inhibited from 1.32 x 10(6) to 1.24 x 10(6) V/m, while the electric field strength on the plate surface was raised from 7.1 x 10(5) to 83 x 10(5) V/m. By contrast, the ion density within the whole domain decreased when particle space charge considered, and it decreased by more than 40% when the particle concentration was 50 mg/m(3). The particle charging rate decreased due to particle space charge effects and consequently the overall particle charge decreased by 45.7% as particle concentration increased to 200 mg/m(3). The correlation between collection efficiency and corona current was discussed, and it showed that the two didn't vary synchronously with the increasing concentration. A criterion for efficiency deterioration, under corona suppression conditions, was first proposed for instructing ESP design and operation. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.