Lanthanide doping is an effective and controllable approach for optimizing the oxidation ability, light absorption and charge separation of photocatalysts. However, the multiple drawbacks of mono-component photocatalysts have not been adequately resolved by the doping of only one or two lanthanide ions. Herein, a novel Gd/Er/Lutriple-doped Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The results of trapping and 4-Chlorophenol degradation experiments suggested that the oxidizing efficiency of Bi2MoO6 was clearly enhanced by the generation of hydroxyl radicals after doping with the Gd3+ redox centers. The obtained diffuse reflectance spectra demonstrated that introducing Er3+ ions provides energy upconversion centers to improve light absorption. The obtained X-ray photoelectron and photoluminescence spectra demonstrated that abundant oxygen vacancies were produced in the Bi2MoO6 crystal after the doping of Lu3+ ions, contributing to promoting the separation of charge carriers. In summary, Gd/Er/Lu-triple-doped Bi2MoO6 displays much better photocatalytic performance than single-and double-doped Bi2MoO6 materials, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of the Gd3+, Er3+ and Lu3+ ions. These discoveries demonstrate a novel synergistic effect of the redox centers (Gd3+ doping), energy upconversion (Er3+ doping) and oxygen vacancies (Lu3+ doping) for the design and fabrication of high-efficiency photocatalysts