Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.15, No.1, 51-62, 1999
Supercritical CO2 extraction of the main constituents of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) essential oil in model systems and overground botanical parts of the plant
The effect of various fluid CO2 parameters on the extraction process of separate flavor compounds and essential oil of lovage was investigated in the present study. Model systems and lovage leaves, stems and seeds were used for this purpose. It was found that the solubility of alpha-terpinyl acetate depends on the CO2 pressure and extraction temperature. This compound was more soluble at pressures of 200-350 bar as compared with pressures of 80-150 bar. The solubility of 3-n-propylidene phthalide was more dependent on the CO2 pressure and extraction temperature than the solubility of alpha-terpinyl acetate. 3-n-Propylidene phthalide was almost insoluble in CO2 at 80 bar and 50 degrees C, and finite solubility of this compound was obtained only after increasing the pressure up to 150 bar. This investigation showed that the extraction process from the model matrix is rather complex and cannot be predicted from the solubility data for each separate constituent. The percentage content of the main constituents in the extracts varied over a wide range depending on their ratio in the initial mixture. By using a solvent circulating system with two separators operating at different parameters, it was possible to obtain a phthalide enriched fraction both from the model matrix (prepared on celite) and raw plant material (leaves + stems and seeds).
Keywords:CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION;VOLATILE COMPOUNDS;FLUIDEXTRACTION;FRACTIONATION;CONCRETE;FRUITS;SPICES