Mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) declines with aging and the progression of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Although exercise increases mitochondrial biogenesis and function in both tissues, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. CDGSH iron sulfur domain-containing proteins (CISDs) are a novel family of proteins that regulate mitochondrial activity and biogenesis. However, the relationship between exercise and CISD expression is unclear. We addressed this in the present study by examining changes in the expression of CISDs and mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle and WAT of mice subjected to chronic exercise training. Mice were randomly assigned to either the sedentary or exercise group and were housed for 4 weeks in a standard cage without or with a running wheel, respectively. CISD and mitochondrial protein levels in the plantaris and soleus muscles and epididymal WAT were evaluated by western blotting. Chronic exercise increased CISD1 and CISD2 as well as mitochondrial protein expression in plantaris muscle and WAT but not soleus muscle. Moreover, this exercise-induced adaptation was strongly correlated with mitochondrial protein expression. Thus, mitochondrial biogenesis induced by chronic exercise coincides with the expression of CISDs in specific tissues, which may be critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.