Nowadays, materials with a core-shell structure have been widely explored for applications in advanced batteries owing to their superb properties. Core-shell structures based on the electrode type, including anodes and cathodes, and the material compositions of the cores and shells have been summarized. In this review, we focus on core-shell materials for applications in advanced batteries such as LIBs, LSBs and SIBs. Firstly, a novel concept of aggregates of spherical core-shell architectures and their aggregates, linear core-shell architectures and their aggregates, sheet-like core-shell architectures and their aggregates and special core-shell architectures and their aggregates are involved. Secondly, the main material compositions of carbon/Si-based, carbon/metal-based, metal-based materials and organic-based composites are introduced along with the synthesis and electro-chemical performances of core-shell nanostructured materials. Finally, the emerging challenges and prospects of core-shell materials are briefly discussed.