The application of conventional hydraulic fracturing technology has been greatly restricted especially in areas with water shortage and traffic inconvenience. At the same time, concern grows about water resources and environmental protection. More environmentally friendly new fracturing technologies, such as waterless fracturing technologies, can also make an important contribution to oil and gas exploitation. This paper reviews several kinds of waterless fracturing fluid technologies, including their working mechanisms, technical features, advantages, and disadvantages. This paper then explores the economics of the various technologies, and prioritizes them based on their advantages and disadvantages. It provides a reference point for theoretical research on and the practical application of waterless fracturing.