Biofuel has benefits of reduction in CO2 and engine exhaust emissions, so it has been attracting more attention in the past few decades. In this study, the partial oxidation reforming of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, hereafter, FAME) and a new generation renewable hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) are evaluated using a thermodynamic analysis and an experimental investigation. The thermodynamic analysis is used to evaluate the effect of the O-2/FAME and O-2/HVO molar ratios on hydrogen-rich syngas production. The results show that under the best operating conditions at 800 degrees C and an O-2/FAME molar ratio of 10, the concentration of the H-2 is 21.96%, and the syngas yield is 45.50%; at an O-2/HVO molar ratio of 10, the concentration of H-2 is 23.01%, and the syngas yield is 45.14%. In the FAME experimental results, when the air to fuel ratio is 4.70, the H-2 concentration is 18.80%, the CO concentration is 22.87%, and the reforming efficiency is 72.80%. Moreover, for HVO reforming under the air to fuel ratio of 6.30, the H-2 concentration is 17.65%; the CO concentration is 17.67%, and the reforming efficiency is 62.87%. Because the composition of HVO is more complex than that of FAME, the reforming efficiency for HVO is lower than that for FAME.