The importance of natural gas as a primary energy source is expected to increase significantly in Europe. However, a rising consumption of natural gas leads to increased import dependency, while greenhouse gas emissions are only reduced by a fraction. Renewable methane, as could be produced by biogas and sewage treatment plants, offers an interesting substitute for natural gas. This article assesses the potentially available amount of methane from the existing plant stock within an Austrian region. It further analyses the production costs of existing biogas and sewage treatment plants according to type of upgrading and injection. The results show average production costs of 115.6 MWh(-1) (biogas plants), 150.4 (sic) MWh(-1) (sewage treatment plants) and 105.4 (sic) MWh(-1) (collective plant systems). Despite the higher production costs when compared to natural gas, expanding the domestic production capacity of renewable gas can be advantageous. Due to the regional increase in value-added, revenues resulting from the production of methane provide valuable income, especially in economically lagging regions. In order to maintain the infrastructure in future, it is necessary that renewables use the natural gas grid. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.