Quaternized chitosan-based anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Jeongkwan Ryu; Jung Yong Seo; Bit Na Choi; Woo-Jae Kim; Chan-Hwa Chung

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.73, 254-259, May, 2019

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.033 Export Citation

Quaternized chitosan-based anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Jeongkwan Ryu, Jung Yong Seo, Bit Na Choi, Woo-Jae Kim^{1, †}, and Chan-Hwa Chung^†

School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
¹Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea

E-mail:,

We synthesized a novel quaternized anion exchange membrane (AEM) that exhibits high ionic conductivity and structural stability, even under high pH conditions, by copolymerizing a chitosan-based membrane with vinylimidazole derivatives. During the process, a quaternized poly[O-(2-imidazolyethylene)-N-picolylchitosan (QPIENPC) was synthesized by modifying chitosan with a 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde derivative and then copolymerizing the modified chitosan with 1-vinylimidzaole. The results revealed that the degree of quaternization is correlated with ionic exchange capacity, water absorption ability, linear expansion ratio, and hydroxide conductivity of the resulting membrane. The QPIENPC membrane was characterized by a high ionic conductivity of 10.15 mS cm?1, 14 times greater that of the unfunctionalized chitosan membrane, as well as by low water absorption ability (36.17%) and linear expansion ratio (20.49%) at 80 °C. An alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC) was fabricated using the prepared QPIENPC membrane as an anion exchange electrolyte membrane, with PtRu/C and Pt/C as the anode and cathode, respectively. The performance of this ADMFC is promising even under high pH conditions, with the peak power density of 10.42 mW cm?2 and corresponding current density of 28.76 mA cm?2. Moreover, the thermochemical and mechanical strengths of the QPIENPC membrane were higher than those of the chitosan membrane.

Keywords:Anion exchange membrane;Quaternized chitosan;Vinylimidazole;High ionic conductivity;Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

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Yu EH, Krewer U, Scott K, Energies, 3(8), 1499 (2010)
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Seo DW, Hossain MA, Lee DH, Lim YD, Lee SH, Lee HC, Hong TW, Kim WG, Electrochim. Acta, 86, 360 (2012)
Chen WT, Yan XM, Wu XM, Huang SQ, Luo YL, Gong X, He GH, J. Membr. Sci., 514, 613 (2016)
Yokota N, Ono H, Miyake J, Nishino E, Asazawa K, Watanabe M, Miyatake K, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1 (2014).
Cao YC, Wang X, Mamlouk M, Scott K, J. Mater. Chem., 21(34), 12910 (2011)
Zhang SM, Li CP, Xie XF, Zhang FS, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 39(25), 13718 (2014)
Rao AHN, Thankamony RL, Kim HJ, Nam S, Kim TH, Polymer, 54(1), 111 (2013)
Fang J, Wu YB, Zhang YM, Lyu M, Zhao JB, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 40(36), 12392 (2015)
Zeng L, Zhao TS, Wei L, Zeng YK, Zhang ZH, J. Power Sources, 331, 452 (2016)
Kim DJ, Lee BN, Nam SY, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 42(37), 23759 (2017)
Ran J, Wu L, Varcoe JR, Ong AL, Poynton SD, Xu T, J. Membr. Sci., 415-416, 242 (2012)
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[Referenced By]

[1] Guo YG, Hu JS, Wan LJ, Adv. Mater., 20(15), 2878 (2008)

[2] Whittingham MS, Savinell RF, Zawodzinski T, Chem. Rev., 104(10), 4243 (2004)

[3] Balster J, Punt I, Stamatialis DF, Lammers H, Verver AB, Wessling M, J. Membr. Sci., 303(1-2), 213 (2007)

[4] Steele BCH, Heinzel A, Nature, 414, 345 (2001)

[5] Smitha B, Sridhar S, Khan AA, J. Membr. Sci., 259(1-2), 10 (2005)

[6] Couture G, Alaaeddine A, Boschet F, Ameduri B, Prog. Polym. Sci, 36(11), 1521 (2011)

[7] Tripkovic AV, Popovic KD, Grgur BN, Blizanac B, Ross PN, Markovic NM, Electrochim. Acta, 47(22-23), 3707 (2002)

[8] Yu EH, Krewer U, Scott K, Energies, 3(8), 1499 (2010)

[9] Ong BC, Kamarudin SK, Basri S, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 42(15), 10142 (2017)

[10] Khosravi Y, Hassanajili S, Moslemin MH, Tabatabaei M, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34(2), 328 (2017)

[11] Zhu H, Luo MC, Zhang S, Wei LL, Wang FH, Wang ZM, Wei YS, Han KF, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 38(8), 3323 (2013)

[12] Joo D, Han K, Jang JH, Park S, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36, 299 (2018)

[13] Park HJ, Kim KM, Kim HY, Kim DW, Won YS, Kim SK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(7), 1547 (2018)

[14] Peighambardoust SJ, Rowshanzamir S, Amjadi M, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 35(17), 9349 (2010)

[15] Lufrano F, Baglio V, Staiti P, Antonucci V, Arico AS, J. Power Sources, 243, 519 (2013)

[16] Deng H, Chen JX, Jiao K, Huang XR, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 74, 376 (2014)

[17] Strathmann H, Grabowski A, Eigenberger G, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(31), 10364 (2013)

[18] Hickner MA, Herring AM, Coughlin EB, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 51(24), 1727 (2013)

[19] Zhang HW, Chen DZ, Xianze Y, Yin SB, Fuel Cells, 15(6), 761 (2015)

[20] Merle G, Wessling M, Nijmeijer K, J. Membr. Sci., 377(1-2), 1 (2011)

[21] Edson JB, Macomber CS, Pivovar BS, Boncella JM, J. Membr. Sci., 399-400, 49 (2012)

[22] Chempath S, Einsla BR, Pratt LR, Macomber CS, Boncella JM, Rau JA, Pivovar BS, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112(9), 3179 (2008)

[23] Seo DW, Hossain MA, Lee DH, Lim YD, Lee SH, Lee HC, Hong TW, Kim WG, Electrochim. Acta, 86, 360 (2012)

[24] Chen WT, Yan XM, Wu XM, Huang SQ, Luo YL, Gong X, He GH, J. Membr. Sci., 514, 613 (2016)

[25] Yokota N, Ono H, Miyake J, Nishino E, Asazawa K, Watanabe M, Miyatake K, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1 (2014).

[26] Cao YC, Wang X, Mamlouk M, Scott K, J. Mater. Chem., 21(34), 12910 (2011)

[27] Zhang SM, Li CP, Xie XF, Zhang FS, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 39(25), 13718 (2014)

[28] Rao AHN, Thankamony RL, Kim HJ, Nam S, Kim TH, Polymer, 54(1), 111 (2013)

[29] Fang J, Wu YB, Zhang YM, Lyu M, Zhao JB, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 40(36), 12392 (2015)

[30] Zeng L, Zhao TS, Wei L, Zeng YK, Zhang ZH, J. Power Sources, 331, 452 (2016)

[31] Kim DJ, Lee BN, Nam SY, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 42(37), 23759 (2017)

[32] Ran J, Wu L, Varcoe JR, Ong AL, Poynton SD, Xu T, J. Membr. Sci., 415-416, 242 (2012)

[33] Ma J, Sahai Y, Carbohydr. Polym., 92(2), 955 (2013)

[34] Shaari N, Kamarudin SK, J. Power Sources, 289, 71 (2015)

[35] Song FF, Fu YS, Gao Y, Li JD, Qiao JL, Zhou XD, Liu YY, Electrochim. Acta, 177, 137 (2015)