Since the increasing energy demands and waste management are national concerns for the South Korean government, this study introduces a biomass-nuclear hybrid system that can be a new alternative to solve the problems. This system is considered to take refuse-derived fuel (RDF) produced from waste biomass, such as municipal solid waste and residue from the agricultural sector to produce artificial diesel fuel from synthesis gas, generated by endothermic pyrolytic gasification using over 600 degrees C of exterior thermal heat from the Generation-IV gas-cooled reactor. 0.52 MJ/kg of endothermic heat obtained by the experiment is required to process biomass by nuclear power. When the system ducted with 500 MWth nuclear reactor is deployed in South Korea, optimization of the system considering target waste generation shows that annual 2000 ton of diesel and 205 MWe of net power can be achieved processing 12,000 ton/day of RDF. The RDF production cost is 7.04 $/ton as Volume-Based Waste Fee bag policy in South Korea can help to decrease production cost. RDF cost impacts the diesel production cost at 0.53 $/liter. It is found that CO2 reduction potential is calculated total 257 million tCO(2) for 30-year operation of the system from 2020 to 2049. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.