Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.149, 97-109, 2019
Supercritical carbon dioxide fractionation of bio-crude produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of pinewood
The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bio-crude, produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass, was investigated for pressures and temperatures in the range 112-400 bar and 40-120 degrees C, corresponding to solvent densities in the range 548-882 kg/m(3). Total extraction yields ranged from 17 to 42%. For a given solvent density, temperature increase drastically improved both the process operability and efficiency. The extracts showed reduced density as well as 40% reduction of total acid number compared to the feed. The residue resulted to be partially deoxygenated. Ketones, 1-ring phenols and low molecular weight fatty acids were concentrated in the extract, with recoveries up to 80%, with ketones and phenols exhibiting the highest distribution factors. Observed selectivities suggest the feasibility of downstream separation of the key classes of extractives using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Supercritical CO2 extraction;Lignocellulosic;Bio-oil;Bio-crude valorization;Bio-crude upgrading