S-rGO/ZnS nanocomposite-mediated photocatalytic pretreatment of dairy wastewater to enhance aerobic digestion

Mohamed Abo El-Fetouh Barakat; Rajeev Kumar; Naief Hamoud Al-Makishah; Abdullatif Abdulkader Neamtallah; Ziad Omar Alafif

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.36, No.8, 1281-1290, August, 2019

DOI10.1007/s11814-019-0319-6 Export Citation

S-rGO/ZnS nanocomposite-mediated photocatalytic pretreatment of dairy wastewater to enhance aerobic digestion

Mohamed Abo El-Fetouh Barakat^{1, 2, †}, Rajeev Kumar¹, Naief Hamoud Al-Makishah¹, Abdullatif Abdulkader Neamtallah³, and Ziad Omar Alafif¹

¹Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
²Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt
³Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 344, Rabigh Saudi Arabia

E-mail:

The treatment of real dairy wastewater by aerobic digestion is a time taking process due to the complex nature of organics present in dairy effluent. Herein, solar light-mediated photocatalytic pretreatment of the dairy wastewater was performed to decompose the complexed organic into shorter chair organics. The sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide/zinc sulfide (S-rGO/ZnS) nanocomposite was applied as an efficient photocatalyst to solubilize and decompose the organic components in dairy wastewater under natural solar light. The results showed that the photocatalytic treatment enhanced the solubilized chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) by 113% after 6 h of sunlight exposure as compared to 28.1% of SCOD under the photolysis conditions. The aerobic digestion of the pretreated dairy wastewater showed 94% removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) after 36 days. TCOD of pretreated and untreated dairy wastewater was decreased to the level 71mg/L and 257mg/L after the aerobic digestion, indicating the effectiveness of the pretreatment process. A water quality analysis of photocatalysis-aerobic treatment showed that the values for various parameters such as COD, total solids, nitrogen, alkalinity, oil and grease content, electrical conductivity and pH were at acceptable limits for environmental discharge of dairy effluent. This study reveals that photocatalytic pretreatment of dairy wastewater is an effective method for solubilization of the complex organic components of dairy effluents which can be easily decomposed by the microbes during the aerobic digestion process.

Keywords:Dairy Effluent;Pretreatment;Photocatalysis;S-rGO/ZnS;Aerobic Treatment

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[Referenced By]

[1] Ozturk A, Aygun A, Nas B, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 36(2), 248 (2019)

[2] Tikariha A, Sahu O, J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2, 16 (2014)

[3] Murcia JJ, Hernandez-Laverde M, Rojas H, Munoz E, Navio JA, Hidalgo MC, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 358, 256 (2018)

[4] Prazeres AR, Carvalho F, Rivas J, J. Environ. Manage., 110, 48 (2012)

[5] Carvalho F, Prazeres AR, Rivas J, Sci. Total Environ., 445-446, 385 (2013)

[6] Markou V, Kontogianni MC, Frontistis Z, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Katsaounis A, Vayenas D, J. Environ. Manage., 202, 217 (2017)

[7] Hirota K, Yokota Y, Sekimura T, Uchiumi H, Guo Y, Ohta H, Yumoto I, J. Environ. Manage., 46, 109 (2016)

[8] Chen GQ, Talebi S, Gras SL, Weeks M, Kentish SE, J. Environ. Manage., 224, 406 (2018)

[9] Tatoulis TI, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Akratos CS, Pavlou S, Vayenas DV, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 90(11), 2040 (2015)

[10] Bumbac C, Ionescu IA, Tiron O, Badescu VR, Water Sci. Technol., 71, 440 (2015)

[11] Gil-Pulido B, Tarpey E, Almeida EL, Finnegan W, Zhan X, Dobson AD, O’Leary N, Biotechnol. Rep., 19, e00263 (2018)

[12] Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 4714 (2018)

[13] Kosseva MR, Kent CA, Lloyd DP, Biochem. Eng. J., 15, 125 (2003)

[14] Cai K, Phillips DH, Elliott CY, Muller M, Scippo ML, Connolly L, Sci. Total Environ., 461-462, 1 (2013)

[15] Zhao L, Deng J, Sun P, Liu J, Ji Y, Nakad N, Qiao Z, Tanak H, Yanga Y, Sci. Total Environ., 627, 1253 (2018)

[16] Bruguera-Casamada C, Araujo RM, Brillas E, Sires I, Chem. Eng. J. In Press. (2018).

[17] Varga L, Szigeti J, Int. J. Dairy Technol., 69, 157 (2016)

[18] Alsager OA, Alnajrani MN, Abuelizz HA, Aldaghmani IA, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 158, 114 (2018)

[19] Threrujirapapong T, Khanitchaidecha W, Nakaruk A, Environ. Nanotech. Monit. Manag., 8, 163 (2017)

[20] Anjum M, Kumar R, Abdelbasir SM, Barakat MA, J. Environ. Manage., 223, 495 (2018)

[21] Anjum M, Kumar R, Barakat MA, J. Environ. Manage., 212, 65 (2018)

[22] Anjum M, Oves M, Kumar R, Barakat MA, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 119, 66 (2017)

[23] Anjum M, Kumar R, Barakat MA, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engineer., 77, 227 (2017)

[24] Anjum M, Kumar R, Al-Talhi HA, Mohamed SA, Barakat MA, Pro. Safe. Environ. Protect., 119, 330 (2018)

[25] Anjum M, Al-Talhi HA, Mohamed SA, Kmar R, Barakat MA, J. Environ. Manage., 216, 120 (2018)

[26] Ibrahim SK, Chakrabarty S, Ghosh S, Pal T, ChemistrySelect, 2, 537 (2017)

[27] Alafif ZO, Anjum M, Ansari MO, Kumar R, Rashid J, Madkoor M, Barakat MA, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 377, 190 (2019)

[28] APHA, (American Public Health Association) 1999.

[29] APHA, http://edgeanalytical.com/wp-content/uploads/Inorganic_SM2540.pdf Total Solids (1997).

[30] USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), Method1684, EPA-821-R-01-015 (2001).

[31] Brake JD, Mississippi State University. A practical guide for composting poultry litter MAFES Res. Bull. 981 (1992).

[32] Adulkar TV, Rathod VK, Des. Water Treat., 53, 2450 (2015)

[33] Tocchi C, Federici E, Fidati L, Manzi R, Vincigurerra V, Petruccioli M, Water Res., 46, 3334 (2012)

[34] Hou L, Ji D, Zang L, In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 112, 012006 (2018).

[35] Alafif ZO, Anjum M, Kumar R, Abdelbasir SM, Baraka MA, Appl. Nanosci., 9, 579 (2019)

[36] Pilli S, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 669 (2015)

[37] Romano RT, Zhang RH, Biomass Bioenerg., 35(10), 4174 (2011)

[38] Porwal HJ, Mane AV, Velhal SG, Water Resour. Ind., 9, 1 (2015)

[39] PME, General Environmental Regulations and Rules for Implementation. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (2001).