화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.36, No.8, 1360-1370, August, 2019
DOI10.1007/s11814-019-0299-6  Export Citation
Sonocatalytic and photocatalytic efficiency of transition metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles in the removal of organic dyes from aquatic environments
Khosro Hossienzadeh, Afshin Maleki1, †, Hiua Daraei1, Mahdi Safari1, Radheshyam Pawar2, and Seung Mok Lee2, †
  • Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 1Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea
E-mail:,
The present study investigated the efficiency of transition metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in the removal of Direct Blue 71 from aqueous solutions through photocatalytic (UV and visible light) and sonocatalytic processes. The ZnO particles were synthesized and analyzed by the SEM, XRD, FTIR, AFM, DLS, and zeta potential. The reaction conditions were optimized by concerned catalyst (i.e., dopant percentage and catalyst amount), solution pH, catalyst dose and initial dye concentration. The results demonstrated that the Ag-doped ZnO NPs could provide the highest UV light-based photocatalytic efficiency, while the Cu-doped NPs present the greatest sonocatalytic and visible light-based photocatalytic efficiencies. In all processes, the dye removal efficiency was better in acidic pH. Based on the insignificant difference of efficiency over the acidic range of pH, the natural pH of the dye, i.e., 5.6, was considered as the optimal pH value. Also, the increase of dopant percentage enhanced the decolorization efficiency of the catalysts. However, 2.5% dopant amount was selected as the optimal dopant content due to the negligible difference in the decolorization percentages observed using the 2.5 and 5% dopant percentages. Furthermore, the increase of catalyst dose and contact time increased the removal efficiency, while the increase of initial dye concentration resulted in a lower extent of dye decolorization.
Keywords:Photocatalyst;Sonocatalyst;Organic Dye;Transition Metal;ZnO Nanoparticles
  1. Moradi M, Eslami A, Ghanbari F, Desalination Water Treat., 57(10), 4659 (2016)
  2. Daneshvar N, Aber S, Vatanpour V, Rasoulifard MH, J. Electroanal. Chem., 615(2), 165 (2008)
  3. Al-Kdasi A, Idris A, Saed K, Guan CT, Global Nest: the Int. J., 6(3), 222 (2004)
  4. Moussavi G, Mahmoudi M, J. Hazard. Mater., 168(2-3), 806 (2009)
  5. Jiraratananon R, Sungpet A, Luangsowan P, Desalination, 130(2), 177 (2000)
  6. Saggioro EM, Oliveira AS, Pavesi T, Maia CG, Ferreira LFV, Moreira JC, Molecules, 16(12), 10370 (2011)
  7. Rizzo L, Water Res., 45(15), 4311 (2011)
  8. Dutta M, Ghosh P, Basu JK, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engineers, 43(6), 879 (2012)
  9. Singh RL, Singh PK, Singh RP, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 104, 21 (2015)
  10. de Souza SMDGU, Bonilla KAS, de Souza AAU, J. Hazard. Mater., 179(1-3), 35 (2010)
  11. Shi BY, Li GH, Wang DS, Feng CH, Tang HX, J. Hazard. Mater., 143(1-2), 567 (2007)
  12. Crini G, Badot PM, Prog. Polym. Sci, 33(4), 399 (2008)
  13. Yavari S, Mahmodi NM, Teymouri P, Shahmoradi B, Maleki A, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engineers, 59, 320 (2016)
  14. Wu JS, Liu CH, Chu KH, Suen SY, J. Membr. Sci., 309(1-2), 239 (2008)
  15. Jafari AJ, Kalantari RR, Gholami M, Esrafili A, Iranian J. Health Environ., 5(2), 167 (2012)
  16. Mahvi AH, Maleki A, Desalination Water Treat., 20(1-3), 197 (2010)
  17. Alijani S, Vaez M, Moghadam AZ, Iranian J. Health Environ., 6(2), 243 (2013)
  18. Zazouli MA, Ahanjan M, Kor Y, Eslamifar M, Hosseini M, Yousefi M, J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci., 25(122), 227 (2015)
  19. Abo-Farha S, J. Am. Sci., 6(10), 128 (2010)
  20. Shahmoradi B, Negahdary M, Maleki A, Environ. Eng. Sci., 29(11), 1032 (2012)
  21. Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhan X, Wang F, Safdar M, He J, Nanoscale, 5(18), 8326 (2013)
  22. Gutierrez-Mata A, Velazquez-Martinez S, Alvarez-Gallegos A, Ahmadi M, Hernandez-Perez JA, Ghanbari F, Silva-Martinez S, Int. J. Photoenergy, 2017 (2017)
  23. Soltani RDC, Khoramabadi GS, Godini H, Noorimotlagh Z, Desalination Water Treat., 56(9), 2551 (2015)
  24. Joshi KM, Patil BN, Shirsath DS, Shrivastava VS, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(3), 445 (2011)
  25. Mekasuwandumrong O, Pawinrat P, Praserthdam P, Panpranot J, Chem. Eng. J., 164(1), 77 (2010)
  26. Maleki A, Shahmoradi B, Water Sci. Technol., 65(11), 1923 (2012)
  27. Palmisano L, Augugliaro V, Sclafani A, Schiavello M, J. Phys. Chem., 92(23), 6710 (1988)
  28. Ullah R, Dutta J, J. Hazard. Mater., 156(1-3), 194 (2008)
  29. Saien J, Soleymani AR, J. Hazard. Mater., 144(1-2), 506 (2007)
  30. Mirzaei N, Mahvi AH, Hossini H, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 36(1-2), 80 (2018)
  31. Ertugay N, Acar FN, Appl. Surf. Sci., 318, 121 (2014)
  32. Samarghandi M, Siboni M, Maleki A, Jafari SJ, Nazemi F, J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci., 21(81), 44 (2011)
  33. Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Velmurugan R, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, Catal. Sci. Technol., 2(11), 2319 (2012)
  34. Muslehiddinoglu J, Uludag Y, Ozbelge HO, Yilmaz L, J. Membr. Sci., 140(2), 251 (1998)
  35. Yoon J, Amy G, Chung J, Sohn J, Yoon Y, Chemosphere, 77(2), 228 (2009)
  36. Xu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, He W, Zhu M, Wang B, Yan H, Ceram. Int., 30(1), 93 (2004)
  37. Sowa H, Ahsbahs H, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 39(2), 169 (2006)
  38. Bahena CL, Martinez SS, Guzman DM, Hernandez MDRT, Chemosphere, 71(5), 982 (2008)
  39. Guo W, Shen YH, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Ma TL, Electrochim. Acta, 56(12), 4611 (2011)
  40. Al-Dahash GA, Salman QM, Haddawi MF, J. Kerbala Univ., 15(2), 87 (2017)
  41. Yildirim OA, Unalan HE, Durucan C, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 96(3), 766 (2013)
  42. Djaja NF, Saleh R, Mater. Sci. Applications, 4(02), 145 (2013)
  43. Wu CH, Dyes Pigment., 77(1), 31 (2008)
  44. Maleki A, Mahvi AH, Ebrahimi R, Zandsalimi Y, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 27(6), 1805 (2010)
  45. Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 49(1), 1 (2004)
  46. Behnajady MA, Modirshahla N, Hamzavi R, J. Hazard. Mater., 133(1-3), 226 (2006)
  47. Pardeshi SK, Patil AB, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 308(1-2), 32 (2009)
  48. Qamar M, Muneer M, Desalination, 249(2), 535 (2009)
  49. Ollis DF, Pelizzetti E, Serpone N, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(9), 1522 (1991)
  50. Barakat M, J. Hydro-environment Res., 5(2), 137 (2011)
  51. Noorimotlagh Z, Shams G, Godini H, Darvishi R, Yafteh, 14(5), 51 (2013)