Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.57, No.4, 455-460, August, 2019
잔사유의 수소화처리 촉매공정에 대한 화학적 고찰
The Chemical Aspects on Hydrotreating Catalysis for Residue
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초록
수소화 처리 촉매공정은 정유공정에서 다양한 유분 내 황, 질소, 산소 및 미량 금속성분들의 헤테로 원자를 제거함과 동시에 불포화 탄화수소의 포화를 목적으로 진행되는 수소화공정이다. 대부분의 정유 공정은 납사, 중간유분, 가스오일을 포함하여 중질 잔사유의 업그레이드용 수소화 처리 공정을 포함하고 있다. 언급된 유종 중, 잔사유의 수소화 처리 촉매공정은 원료자체의 복잡성으로 인해 정유공정의 핵심으로 받아들여지고 있는 만큼 기타 유종에 대한 업그레이드 공정대비 상당히 비중 있게 다루어 지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 총설은 수소화 처리에 의한 잔사유의 업그레이드 공정중, 중요한 이슈의 최근 동향을 수첨탈금속 (Hydrodemetallization, HDM) 및 수첨탈황(Hydrodesulfurization, HDS) 공정에 대해 화학적 관점으로 고찰하고자 한다. 더불어, 수소화 처리용 촉매의 기능과 조성은 물론, 개선방향도 살펴보았다.
Hydrotreating catalysis refers to a various hydrogenation which saturate an unsaturated hydrocarbon, together with removing heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and trace metals from different petroleum streams in a refinery. Most refineries include at least three hydrotreating units for upgrading naphtha, middle distillates, gas oils, intermediate process streams, and/or residue. Among them, hydrotreating catalysis for residue are the core of the process, because of its complexity. This article reviews recent progress in tackling the issues found in the upgrading residues by hydrotreating, focusing on the chemistry of hydrodemetallization (HDM) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS). We also discuss the composition and functions of hydrotreating catalysts, and we highlight areas for further improvement.
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