The effects of different scanning paths and overlapping rates on the residual stresses distribution in a 316L stainless steel blade subjected to massive laser shock peening treatment with square spots were investigated. Special attention was paid to the surface and in-depth residual stress distributions at 30%, 50% and 70% overlapping rates. Results showed that there were similar residual stress profiles for two scanning paths at 30% overlapping rate. At 50% overlapping rate, the induced surface compressive residual stresses along the width direction (Path 1) was larger than those along the length direction (Path 2), but the latter was more uniform than that of the former. When the overlapping rate increased to 70%, the former was more uniform and larger than the latter. Simulated residual stress profiles were in an agreement with the measured data in all cases. The calculated residual stresses by finite element model analysis were smaller compared with the measured residual stresses.