Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.118, No.32, 7593-7600, 1996
Dynamic Pathways for Fluxional Molecules Defined Using Exchange-Noe Peaks
In examining NMR methods to assess orientation and fluxional motions of planar N-donor heterocyclic coordinated ligands (L’s) in solution, we introduce the use of exchange-NOE NMR data as a powerful method for defining (i) the extent of L rotation about the metal-N bond, (ii) the direction of L rotation, and (iii) even the halves of C-2-symmetrical L’s that interchange during dynamic processes. The full value of the approach depends on a strategy in which the complexes studied are chiral and similar except that one has a lopsided L (Me(3)Bzm = 1,5,6-trimethylbenzimidazole in [Re2O3Cl4(Me(3)Bzm)(4)] (1)) and the other has a C-2-symmetrical L (3,5-lut = 3,5-lutidine in [Re2O3Cl4(3,5-lut)(4)] (2)). Each Re is part of a nearly linear O=Re-O-Re=O grouping and has a "terminal" L (L(t)) and a stacked L (L(s)). The fluxional inversion of the two chiral dimers involves rotations of similar to 180 degrees about the Re-O-Re bonds and of similar to 90 degrees about all four Re-L bonds. The exchange-NOE data for 2 show that the half of L(t) away from the dimer center interchanges with the half of L(s) close to the center, with the L plane rotating past the O=Re-O bonds, not the N-Re-Cl bonds. Thus, the exchange-NOE data help to establish the direction of L rotation. In 1, Me(3)Bzm(t) has the rare head-to-head (HH) orientation with respect to the partner. This partner Me(3)Bzm(s) stacks with the Me(3)Bzm(s) from the other Re in the common head-to-tail (HT) orientation. Compelling evidence that the predominant solution conformer of 1 has the HH,HT,HH structure includes unusual chemical shift dispersions and a strong interligand NOE cross-peak. This is the only case in which cis,bis imidazole-ring-ligated untethered ligands have been found to be predominantly HH in solution. This predominance can be attributed to the electrostatic attraction of the delta(+) N2C proton for the negative core of the molecule (bridging O, cis Cl on same Re, and two cis Cl’s on the other Re).