Three catalyst supports containing from 84 to 100% alpha-alumina prepared by heat treatment of gamma-alumina have been impregnated with cobalt and rhenium. The catalysts were tested for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) under dry and enhanced water vapor pressure conditions. Both activity and selectivity to higher hydrocarbons respond positive to water added or generated in situ by the reaction. A linear trend between formation of methane and C5+. products was found, but displaced to higher C5+, values compared to catalysts on gamma-alumina. Calculation of chain propagation probabilities (alpha(n)) for alpha-alumina supported catalysts discloses that the first step, characterized by alpha(1), increases the most under higher water partial pressure. Moreover, alpha(1) is significantly higher for alpha- compared to all gamma-alumina supports irrespective of pore sizes of the latter. These results are ascribed to suppression of hydrogen coverage on the cobalt surface, linked to more regular cobalt crystallites, accompanied by enhanced water assisted generation of CHx polymerization monomers. Surprisingly, the following alpha(2) probability is comparably low for alpha-alumina supports, although it increases significantly with water concentration. Linear correlations are found between each pair of parameters alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(4)' and SC5+; giving support to a mechanistic model where all products are interlinked, including methane. Transients observed when water was added or removed from the system are ascribed to pore diffusion. Selectivities in these periods follow closely the general selectivity trends found for different process conditions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.