Polystyrene-b-[polystyrene-r-poly(acrylic acid)] block-random copolymers have been synthesized at various molecular weights (7000-23 200 g/mol) and with compositions between 6 and 39 mol % acrylic acid by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Emulsion polymerizations of styrene stabilized by block-random copolymers yielded stable latexes at stabilizer concentrations >= 3 wt % based on monomer. A series of emulsion polymerizations with varying stabilizer content suggests that a novel nucleation mechanism occurs in block-random copolymer-stabilized emulsion polymerizations, exhibiting distinctly different behaviors from block copolymers or conventional small-molecule surfactants. Moreover, alkaline aqueous dispersions of the block-random copolymers were prepared with ease up to concentrations of 300 g/L, whereas similar block copolymers are limited to similar to 1 g/L. Analysis of the dispersions via dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy suggests that single-chain nanoparticles form via a self-folding process with hydrodynamic diameters between 2.4 and 5 nm. The novel stabilizer structures may be tuned for rapid dispersion through their anchoring block [polystyrene] and high stabilization efficiency through the stabilizing block [polystyrene-r-poly(acrylic acid)].