A facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was carried out by employing a biomimetic approach. Herein, the extract of Eugenia jambolana was used as the precursor excipients, which played a synergistic role in the reduction and capping (stabilization) of Ag+ into zero valent (viz. Ag-0) Ag-NPs. In addition to this, the study was further directed towards the encapsulation of Ag-NPs within the matrix of the biodegradable polymer viz. poly-D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). The current enthusiasm of polymer-silver nanocomposites (PLGA-Ag NCs) in biomedical applications is because a versatile framework must have antimicrobial action devoid of the release of any toxic product. Modified emulsion method was utilized for the fabrication of PLGA-Ag NCs (viz. PLGA-Ag NC (PEG) and PLGA-Ag NC (P-80)). The physicochemical properties of the developed nanostructured systems were thoroughly probed using varied state of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Disc diffusion and time-kill assay were performed on bacterial strains viz. Escherichia coli (E.coli, MTCC 40), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa MTCC 4673) for evaluating the antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs and PLGA-Ag NCs. Both the antibacterial assays highlighted the superiority of PLGA-Ag NCs in inciting an escalated bactericidal effect in comparison to Ag-NPs and standard antibiotic (viz. norfloxacin (NFC)), respectively. Hence, the present research article thus reports a novel biocompatible approach to tackle the overgrowing problem of antibiotic resistance.