Renewable Energy, Vol.141, 349-358, 2019
Optimization of microwave-assisted solvent extraction of non-edible sandbox (Hura crepitans) seed oil: A potential biodiesel feedstock
In this study, modeling and optimization of the microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) of sandbox seed oil (SSO) were investigated. 0-optimal design with two numeric (extraction time (5-15 min), heating power (180-540 W)) and two categoric (solid/solvent ratio (1:10-1:40) and solvent type (ethyl acetate, n-hexane and acetone)) factors was used to model and optimize SSO yield. The model developed had coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.9821, indicating it can be used to adequately describe the MASE process with high accuracy. Optimum SSO yield of 72.20 +/- 0.35 wt% could be obtained using extraction time of 5 min, microwave heating power of 180 W, solid/solvent ratio of 1:40 and ethyl acetate as solvent of extraction. Performance evaluation of the solvents in terms of oil yield showed that ethyl acetate was the most efficient (72.20 +/- 0.35 wt%) followed by acetone (57.90 +/- 1.27 wt%) and nhexane (56.25 +/- 1.77 wt%). Physicochemical properties of the SSO varied depending on the solvent of extraction. Fatty acids profile of the SSO showed that it had more unsaturated (79.7-84.5%) fractions than saturated (15.5-20.2%) fractions. Therefore, SSO could serve as feedstock for biodiesel and other oleochemical production. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.