Nafion-stabilized two-dimensional transition metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene) as a high-performance electrochemical sensor for neurotransmitter

Faisal Shahzad; Aamir Iqbal; Shabi Abbas Zaidi; Suk-Won Hwang; Chong Min Koo

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.79, 338-344, November, 2019

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.061 Export Citation

Nafion-stabilized two-dimensional transition metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene) as a high-performance electrochemical sensor for neurotransmitter

Faisal Shahzad^{1, 2}, Aamir Iqbal^{1, 3}, Shabi Abbas Zaidi^{4, †}, Suk-Won Hwang⁵, and Chong Min Koo^{1, 3, †}

¹Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
²National Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
³Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
⁴Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
⁵KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

E-mail:,

Herein, we demonstrate the selective sensing of Dopamine (DA), an important neurotransmitter, by using Nafion-stabilized two-dimensional transition metal carbides (Ti3C2TxMXenes). Ti3C2Tx was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode followed by Nafion coating to achieve a robust sensitivity (~3 nM), good selectivity, wide detection window (0.015-10 μM), high stability, reproducibility, and outstanding recoveries for DA detection in real samples. MXene-based biosensor exhibited much better electrochemical performance when compared with reduced graphene oxide-based biosensor under similar experimental conditions due to the MXenes good electrical conductivity and negatively charged surface which assisted in the selective and sensitive detection of DA.

Keywords:Two-dimensional transition metal carbides;MXenes;Ti3C2;Electrochemical sensor;Dopamine

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[Referenced By]

[1] Sheng ZH, Zheng XQ, Xu JY, Bao WJ, Wang FB, Xia XH, Biosens. Bioelectron., 34, 125 (2012)

[2] Wang Y, Li Y, Tang L, Lu J, Li J, Electrochem. Commun., 11, 889 (2009)

[3] Zaidi SA, Shin JH, RSC Adv., 5, 88996 (2015)

[4] Zaidi SA, Sens. Actuators B Chem. (2018).

[5] Reynolds JNJ, Hyland BI, Wickens JR, Nature, 413, 67 (2001)

[6] Park SJ, Yang H, Lee SH, Song HS, Park CS, Bae J, Kwon OS, Park TH, Jang J, ACS Nano, 11, 5950 (2017)

[7] Park SJ, Lee SH, Yang H, Park CS, Lee CS, Kwon OS, Park TH, Jang J, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 28897 (2016)

[8] Birbeck JA, Mathews TA, Anal. Chem., 85, 7398 (2013)

[9] Yildirim A, Bayindir M, Anal. Chem., 86, 5508 (2014)

[10] Schoning MJ, Jacobs M, Muck A, Knobbe DT, Wang J, Chatrathi M, Spillmann S, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 108, 688 (2005)

[11] Cao Y, Deng Q, Liu Z, Shen D, Wang T, Huang Q, Du S, Jiang N, Lin CT, Yu J, RSC Adv., 7, 20494 (2017)

[12] Gonzalez-Salamo J, Socas-Rodriguez B, Hernandez-Borges J, Rodriguez-Delgado MA, Food Chem., 215, 362 (2017)

[13] Zhao HX, Mu H, Bai YH, Yu H, Hu YM, J. Pharm. Anal., 1, 208 (2011)

[14] Mandal R, Baranwal A, Srivastava A, Chandra P, Biosens. Bioelectron. (2018).

[15] Shahzad F, Zaidi SA, Koo CM, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 241, 716 (2017)

[16] Shahzad F, Zaidi SA, Koo CM, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 24179 (2017)

[17] Khalil I, Rahmati S, Julkapli NM, Yehye WA, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 59, 425 (2018)

[18] Park CS, Yoon H, Kwon OS, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 38, 13 (2016)

[19] Chandra P, Segal E, Nanobiosensors for Personalized and Onsite Biomedical Diagnosis, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016.

[20] Kim D, Lee S, Piao Y, J. Electroanal. Chem., 794, 221 (2017)

[21] Chandra P, Son NX, Noh HB, Goyal RN, Shim YB, Biosens. Bioelectron., 39, 139 (2013)

[22] Zhang M, Gong K, Zhang H, Mao L, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20, 1270 (2005)

[23] Jeong H, Jeon S, Sensors, 8, 6924 (2008)

[24] Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Kong L, Zhou T, Shi G, Biosens. Bioelectron., 45, 25 (2013)

[25] Xie LQ, Zhang YH, Gao F, Wu QA, Xu PY, Wang SS, Gao NN, Wang QX, Chin. Chem. Lett., 28, 41 (2017)

[26] Liu S, Yu B, Zhang T, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 13314 (2013)

[27] Zaidi SA, Biosens. Bioelectron., 94, 714 (2017)

[28] Choi G, Shahzad F, Bahk YM, Jhon YM, Park H, Alhabeb M, Anasori B, Kim DS, Koo CM, Gogotsi Y, Seo M, Adv. Opt. Mater., 6, 170107 (2018)

[29] Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, Lu J, Niu JJ, Heon M, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW, Adv. Mater., 23(37), 4248 (2011)

[30] Naguib M, Mochalin VN, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y, Adv. Mater., 26(7), 992 (2014)

[31] Liu H, Duan C, Yang C, Shen W, Wang F, Zhu Z, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 218, 60 (2015)

[32] Zhou L, Zhang X, Ma L, Gao J, Jiang Y, Biochem. Eng. J., 128, 243 (2017)

[33] Lorencova L, Bertok T, Dosekova E, Holazova A, Paprckova D, Vikartovska A, Sasinkova V, Filip J, Kasak P, Jerigova M, Velic D, Mahmoud KA, Tkac J, Electrochim. Acta, 235, 471 (2017)

[34] Zheng JS, Wang B, Ding AL, Weng B, Chen JC, J. Electroanal. Chem., 816, 189 (2018)

[35] Zhang W, Zheng J, Shi J, Lin Z, Huang Q, Zhang H, Wei C, Chen J, Hu S, Hao A, Anal. Chim. Acta, 853, 285 (2015)

[36] Shahzad F, Alhabeb M, Hatter CB, Anasori B, Hong SM, Koo CM, Gogotsi Y, Science, 353(6304), 1137 (2016)

[37] Shahzad F, Lee SH, Hong SM, Koo CM, Res. Chem. Intermed. (2018).

[38] Wang L, Zhang H, Wang B, Shen C, Zhang C, Hu Q, Zhou A, Liu B, Electron. Mater. Lett., 12, 702 (2016)

[39] Ghidiu M, Lukatskaya MR, Zhao MQ, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW, Nature, 516(7529), 78 (2014)

[40] Mashtalir O, Naguib M, Dyatkin B, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW, Mater. Chem. Phys., 139(1), 147 (2013)

[41] Liu Y, Zhang XF, Dong SL, Ye ZY, Wei YD, J. Mater. Sci., 52(4), 2200 (2017)

[42] Ding L, Wei Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Caro J, Wang H, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 56, 1825 (2017)

[43] Maleski K, Mochalin VN, Gogotsi Y, Chem. Mater., 29, 1632 (2017)

[44] Ren CE, Hatzell KB, Alhabeb M, Ling Z, Mahmoud KA, Gogotsi Y, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6, 4026 (2015)

[45] Xie X, Zhao MQ, Anasori B, Maleski K, Ren CE, Li J, Byles BW, Pomerantseva E, Wang G, Gogotsi Y, Nano Energy, 26, 513 (2016)

[46] Gao F, Cai X, Wang X, Gao C, Liu S, Gao F, Wang Q, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 186, 380 (2013)

[47] Grewal YS, Shiddiky MJA, Gray SA, Weigel KM, Cangelosi GA, Trau M, Chem. Commun., 49, 1551 (2013)

[48] Bao Y, Song J, Mao Y, Han D, Yang F, Niu L, Ivaska A, Electroanalysis, 23, 878 (2011)

[49] Hou S, Kasner ML, Su S, Patel K, Cuellari R, J. Phys. Chem. C, 114, 14915 (2010)

[50] Bagherzadeh M, Mozaffari S, Momeni M, Anal. Methods, 7, 9317 (2015)