A highly transparent and high-performance random-network single-walled carbon nanotubes (r- SWCNTs) transistor was successfully fabricated by using chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene source/drain (S/D) electrodes. The bottom-gate, bottom-contact geometry was selected for the graphene S/D contact r-SWCNT (Gr-SWCNT) transistor because of its enhanced gate modulation and good sustainability. A palladium S/D contact r-SWCNT (Pd-SWCNT) transistor with the same device geometry was also fabricated for a comparative study. The transmission line method demonstrated that the resistivity of graphene was small enough (~0.95 Ω μm) to be used as S/D electrodes in a single transistor device, and the contact resistance of Gr-SWCNTs was much lower than that of Pd-SWCNTs. Particularly, the correlation between the applied gate voltage and the sheet resistance is strongly dependent on the r-SWCNT film density. The resulting Gr-SWCNT transistor exhibits high mobility and good on/off current ratio compared to the Pd-SWCNT transistor. The high charge injection originated from the ohmic contact behavior and dense r-SWCNT channel formation by the enhancement of selective wetting due to the surface energy matching between the r-SWCNT semiconductor and graphene S/D electrodes. Thus, this approach can encourage creating highly transparent and high-performance carbon-based field effect transistor.