Sustainable production of clean water is a global challenge. While we firmly believe that membrane technologies are one of the most promising solutions to tackle the global water challenges, one must reduce their energy consumption and fouling propensity for broad sustainable applications. In addition, different membranes face various challenges in their specific applications during long-term operations. In this short review, we will summarize the recent progresses in emerging membrane technologies and system integration to advance and sustain water reuse and desalination with discussion on their challenges and perspectives. (C) 2019 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.