This study aimed at extracting and separating anthocyanins from Nitraria tangutorun Bobr. fruit using deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with macroporous resins. Choline chloride/1,2-propanediol (ChCl-Prop)-based DESs produced higher extraction yields of total anthocyanins from N. tangutorun fruit than pure water and ethanol/methanol/acetone aqueous solutions did, and LX-32 macroporous resin was used to separate total anthocyanins from the DES (recovery?95%). Additionally, a green and efficient HPLC-DAD method was used for the analysis of total anthocyanins using ethanol and a tartaric acid aqueous solution as mobile phases, and 13 anthocyanins were identified from N. tangutorun fruit using a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method.