Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.58, No.46, 21089-21104, 2019
Extraction of Organic-Free Water from Detergent Stabilized Emulsion
We report two processes that enable continuous extraction of organic-free water from detergent stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. The first process is based upon a modification of the so-called "electrocoagulation", which uses electrochemically produced metal hydroxides that remove oil droplets via heterocoagulation. In this method, metal particles are deposited over a graphite anode, whereas an aluminum tube is used as a cathode in an electrolysis cell through which the emulsion flows. With an electrical potential applied between the graphite and aluminum, the metal particles are corroded to produce metal hydroxides that sweep the oil droplets from the emulsion. The study shows that the oil extraction efficiency increases with the basicity of the metal hydroxide. A second process, based on acid-base interaction as well, uses surface functionalization of nickel particles (similar to 45 mu m) that introduces amines onto the nickel surface. Here an additional advantage is that the metal particles bound to the oil droplets can be removed from the aqueous phase with a magnetic field. While each of the above processes is effective in demulsifying water, their combination vastly improves the oil extraction efficiency. With the integrated process, the total organic content of the treated water could be as low as about 0.1 ppm with the surface tension of water (72 mN/m) being that of organic-free water.