Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol.29, No.1, 45-53, 1998
Thermal response model and thermal risk analysis for LPG storage
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a very important fuel and chemical feed stock as well; however, the hydrocarbon has been involved in many major fires and explosions. One of these accidents is boiling-liquid, expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE). It is a phenomenon that results from the sudden release from confinement of a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric-pressure boiling point. The sudden decrease in pressure results in the explosive vaporization of a fraction of the liquid and a cloud of vapor and mist with the accompanying blast effects. Most BLEVEs involve flammable liquids, and most BLEVE releases are ignited by surrounding fire and result in a fireball. The primary objective of this paper is to develop computer model in order to determine the thermal response of horizontal LPG tanks involved in the fire engulfment accidents. The assessment of safety spacing between tanks and protection measure such as water spray cooling is also discussed. In addition, the risk associated with the thermal radiation due to BLEVE of the LPG storage tank is analyzed.