Anthocyanin-Loaded Liposomes Prepared by the pH-Gradient Loading Method to Enhance the Anthocyanin Stability, Antioxidation Effect and Skin Permeability

Changjoo Lee; Kun Na

Macromolecular Research, Vol.28, No.3, 289-297, March, 2020

DOI10.1007/s13233-020-8039-7 Export Citation

Anthocyanin-Loaded Liposomes Prepared by the pH-Gradient Loading Method to Enhance the Anthocyanin Stability, Antioxidation Effect and Skin Permeability

Changjoo Lee^{1, 2}, and Kun Na^{1, 2, †}

¹Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi 14662, Korea
²Department of Biomedical Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi 14662, Korea

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Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is related to skin cancer and aging. Although anthocyanin is an effective antioxidant, has poor skin permeability and is vulnerable to temperature and pH, a suitable formulation is required. We prepared a pH-gradient loading method to prepare anthocyanin-loaded liposomes because liposomes prepared by the remote loading method exhibit high loading efficiency without anthocyanin damage. The liposome formulation could enhance anthocyanin stability, antioxidation activity and skin permeability. To compare these features, nonformulated anthocyanin (NFA) and anthocyanin-loaded liposomes prepared by the passive loading method were used as control groups. Anthocyanin-loaded HSPC liposomes prepared by the remote loading method (RAH liposomes) exhibited markedly enhanced loading efficiency (71.2%) and anthocyanin stability (85.4%) compared with control groups. The antioxidation activity of RAH liposomes was 2.1- and 1.7-fold greater than NFA and passive loading of anthocyanin in HSPC liposomes (PAH liposomes), respectively. The skin permeability of RAH liposomes was enhanced 2.9- and 2.2-fold compared with NFA and PAH liposomes, respectively. RAH liposomes maintained anthocyanin stability under in vitro physiological conditions for 14 days and exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging activity and skin permeability. Therefore, RAH liposomes represent a platform for effective anthocyanin loading and exhibited promising application for pharmaco-cosmetics.

Keywords:anthocyanin stability;liposome;remote loading method;antioxidation activity;skin permeability

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[1] Mates JM, Perez-Gomez C, De Castro INJCB, Clin. Chem., 32, 595 (1999)

[2] Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer FJA, Apoptosis, 5, 415 (2000)

[3] Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Apoptosis, 12, 913 (2007)

[4] Sander CS, Hamm F, Elsner P, Thiele JJ, Brit. J. Dermatol., 148, 913 (2003)

[5] Rinnerthaler M, Bischof J, Streubel MK, Trost A, Richter K, Biomolecules, 5, 545 (2015)

[6] Yun X, Maximov VD, Yu J, Zhu H, Vertegel AA, Kindy MS, J. Cerebr. Blood F. Met., 33, 583 (2013)

[7] George L, Bavya MC, Rohan KV, Srivastava R, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 160, 315 (2017)

[8] Chen J, Wei N, Lopez-Garcia M, Ambrose D, Lee J, Annelin C, Peterson T, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 117, 286 (2017)

[9] Kim CK, Kim T, Choi IY, Soh M, Kim D, Kim YJ, Jang H, Kim HS, Park HK, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 51, 11039 (2012)

[10] Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 7846 (2004)

[11] Denev PN, Kratchanov CG, Ciz M, Lojek A, Kratchanova MG, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. F, 11, 471 (2012)

[12] Kong JM, Chia LS, Goh NK, Chia TE, Brouillard R, Phytochemistry, 64, 923 (2003)

[13] Dangles O, Fenger JA, Molecules, 23, 1970 (2018)

[14] Jeong D, Na K, Carbohydr. Polym., 90, 507 (2012)

[15] Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Vinson JA, Bagchi D, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51, 675 (2007)

[16] Kahkonen MP, Heinamaki J, Ollilainen V, Heinonen M, J. Sci. Food Agr., 83, 1403 (2003)

[17] Liu Y, Liu Y, Tao C, Liu M, Pan Y, Lv Z, J. Food Meas. Charact., 12, 1744 (2018)

[18] Bermudez-Soto MJ, Tomas-Barberan FA, Garcia-Conesa MTJFC, Food Chem., 102, 865 (2007)

[19] Gris E, Ferreira E, Falcao L, Bordignon-Luiz M, Food Chem., 100, 1289 (2007)

[20] Fang Z, Bhandari BJTIFS, Trends Food Sci. Tech., 21, 510 (2010)

[21] Frank K, Walz E, Graf V, Greiner R, Kohler K, Schuchmann HP, J. Food Sci., 77, N50 (2012)

[22] Dua J, Rana A, Bhandari AJIJPSR, Int. J. Pharm. Stud Res., 3, 14 (2012)

[23] Sercombe L, Veerati T, Moheimani F, Wu SY, Sood AK, Hua S, Front. Pharmacol., 6, 286 (2015)

[24] Casanova F, Santos L, J. Microencapsul., 33(1), 1 (2016)

[25] Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei-Sadabady R, Davaran S, Joo SW, Zarghami N, Hanifehpour Y, Samiei, Kouhi M, Nejati-Koshki K, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 8, 102 (2013)

[26] Hwang JM, Kuo HC, Lin CT, Kao ES, Pharm. Biol., 51, 941 (2013)

[27] Samuni AM, Lipman A, Barenholz Y, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 105, 121 (2000)

[28] Park H, Lee J, Jeong S, Im BN, Kim MK, Yang SG, Na K, Adv. Healthc. Mater., 5, 3139 (2016)