화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.142, No.4, 1326-1332, 1995
The Effect of Doping Atoms on the Kinetics of Self-Limiting Tungsten Film Growth on Silicon by Reduction of Tungsten Hexafluoride
The reaction of WF6 with a Si substrate plays an important role in the metallization of Si active areas by tungsten chemical vapor deposition (W-CVD). At typical low pressure W-CVD conditions, this reaction leads to self-limiting growth of a W film. The reaction, which takes place at the film surface, is maintained by Si diffusion through the W film and stops when the (rapid) supply of silicon becomes rate limiting. Although the mechanism controlling the reduction of WF6 by intrinsic Si is reasonably understood, little is known about the influence of doping atoms in the Si substrate. In this paper we describe the effect of doping atoms on the growth kinetics of tungsten films deposited by the reaction of WF6 with highly doped Si at temperatures ranging from 275 to 360 degrees C. Doping atoms can have a large effect on the self-limiting time of the WF6/Si reaction, the self-limiting thickness of the W film, and the rate of the WF6/Si reaction. Similar to undoped Si substrates, depositions on As-doped n(+) Si are controlled by WF6 gas-phase diffusion and the self-limiting effect occurs earlier than on undoped Si; the W growth rate on N+ Si is linear in WF6 pressure and almost independent of temperature. On B doped p(+) Si the WF6/Si reaction rate is decreased to such an extent that this surface reaction becomes rate limiting, instead of the WF6 gas-phase diffusion; the W growth rate on p(+) Si is thermally activated and independent of the WF6 pressure. The results obtained with the doped Si substrates are discussed in the light of a model for self-limiting W film growth on undoped Si substrates.