Yellow mombin residue was investigated as a substrate for the production of xylanase by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 in solid-state fermentation. The parameters incubation temperature, initial moisture, and fermentation time were optimized using the Box?Behnken design, with a maximum yield of 14.03?IU g(?1) at 25.55??C, 60.55% moisture and 141.80?h, respectively. The xylanases produced showed higher activity and stability in pH in the range of 3?5 and temperature ? 60??C. The respective K-m and V-Max values found were 1.96?mg mL(?1) and 16.23??mol min(?1?)mL(?1). The addition of the Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Na+, Ca2+ and Trolox and Triton X-100 compounds increased xylanase activity, whereas Mg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and SDS species behaved as inhibitors. Freezing at ?20 or 4??C maintained more than 94% of the enzymatic activity after 120?days of storage. Solid-state fermentation in yellow mombin residue, without any additives, using P. roqueforti ATCC 10110 allowed the acquisition of xylanases with characteristics similar to those obtained from processes using synthetic substrates, indicating a promising alternative for the xylanase obtaining.