The separation of short-chained alkanes and alkenes is challenging because of their chemical similarity and thus being costly in energy. The implementation of a cryogenic adsorption process may overcome this problem, but systematic studies on light hydrocarbon adsorption at low temperatures are virtually lacking. Therefore, as a first step, in this paper, we present single-component adsorption isotherms of ethane, ethylene, propane, and propylene on activated carbon (AC) and zeolite 13X for temperatures of -80 to +20 degrees C and partial pressures of 5-1250 Pa. Based on these experimental data, the interactions of the adsorptives with the chemically different surfaces and their temperature dependence are discussed. Results show a strong increase in capacity with decreasing temperature for both AC and zeolite 13X. Cryogenic adsorption increases the overall (calculated) selectivity of alkane-alkene separation, especially for the zeolite 13X.