The availability of accurate speed of sound data is important for the improvement of dedicated equations of state and their applications. The speed of sound of gaseous xenon was measured using a fixed-path cylindrical acoustic resonator in the temperature range from 308 to 370 K with pressures from 0.05 to 1 MPa. The resonant frequencies of four longitudinal acoustic modes and three radial acoustic modes in the cylindrical resonator were used to determine the speed of sound. The perturbations from the viscous and the thermal boundary layers, the gas filling duct, acoustic transducers, and the shell motions were corrected in the frequency measurements. The overall uncertainty for the measured speed of sound was estimated to be less than 1.1 X 10(-4). The measured speed of sound data of xenon was found to be in remarkably good agreement with the best available literature source, which were indistinguishable within +/- 5 x 10(-5) times the speed of sound. The measurements agree with the values calculated from the equation of state with relative differences ranged between 0.004% and 0.04%. The temperature -dependent second density virial coefficient of xenon was determined from the measured speed of sound data based on the hard-core square -well intermolecular potential model. The deduced second virial coefficient is mainly consistent with the previous measurements, the predictions of an existing equation of state, and the general virial coefficient correlation.