The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) hollow nanotubes synthesized via a simple freeze-drying method are used for constructing Two-dimensional (2D)-one-dimensional (1D) molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) nanoflake/g-C3N4 hollow nanotube (MoS2/g-C3N4 nanotube) photocatalysts. The MoS2/g-C3N4 nanotube composite with 15 wt% MoS2 shows the highest hydrogen (H-2) production rate (1124 mu mol.h(-1).g(-1)), much higher than bulk g-C3N4 (64 mu mol.h(-1).g(-1)) and g-C3N4 nanotubes (189 mu mol.h(-l).g(-1)). The excellent photocatalytic activity of MoS2/g-C3N4 nanotube composites can be ascribed to more exposed active edges of 2D-1D structure, multiple light reflection/scattering channels of 2D nanoflake/1D hollow nanotube composite structure and better carrier transfer and separation by heterojunction interface. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.