Self-trapped exciton (STE) emissions derived from inorganic octahedral units make metal halide perovskites promising photoluminescence materials for light-emitting applications. However, there is still little understanding of the intrinsic STE emissions in metal halide perovskites or derivatives with nonoctahedral units. In this work, via high pressure compression, remarkable STE emission enhancement is, for the first time, realized in one-dimensional CsCu2I3 crystals with {CuCl4} tetrahedral units. The intertetrahedral distortion is believed to induce the slight emission enhancement of the ambient phase under initial compression. Notably, the obvious structural distortions of both inter- and intratetrahedra are responsible for the significant emission enhancement of the high pressure phase. This work not only sheds light on the structure-optical property relationships of tetrahedron-based halide complexes, but also may provide guidance for the design and fabrication of highly luminescent metal halides.