The effect of sulfur, polymeric petroleum resin and castor oil on the structural and mechanical characteristics of petroleum-based bitumen binders has been studied. On the basis of tar, binders were obtained that meet the requirements for road bitumen. It was noted that vegetable oil is highly effective as a modifying agent of bitumen properties. In samples containing polymeric petroleum resin, sulfur and vegetable oil, changes in some characteristics of bitumen are demonstrated: penetration, ductility, softening point. The fundamental possibility of modifying the properties of oil binders through the use of inexpensive oil products and vegetables oil, and as a result, the increase of hydrocarbon resource base for production of road bitumen through the involvement of alternative sources of raw materials, is shown.