International Journal of Energy Research, Vol.44, No.9, 7746-7760, 2020
Chemical conversion of Calophyllum inophyllum oil into bio-hydrocarbons fuel over presulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst
Chemical conversion of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (raw oil) over presulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst was conducted to generate organic liquid products (OLP) containing bio-hydrocarbons (OLP-1). Reacted in +/- 273 mL autoclave for 200 minutes at 375 degrees C, P-H2 of 1 MPa, and 1% of catalyst loading, the raw oil was converted into 78.24% OLP-1 with a heating value of 47.93 MJ/kg. The OLP was refined through distillation and grouped into boiling point (bp) range as 13.9% of gasoline (bp at 72.6 degrees C-184 degrees C), 10.8% of kerosene (bp at 184.1 degrees C-235 degrees C), 47.9% of diesel oil (bp at 235.1 degrees C-400 degrees C), and 26.3% of heavy fractions (bp at 400.1 degrees C-688.5 degrees C). Besides OLP-1, oxygenated compounds (OLP-2) were also contained as by-products. The catalytic reaction mechanism of C inophyllum oil was also confirmed using fatty acid model compounds. The OLP-1 mainly consisted of paraffinic hydrocarbons of C10-C18.
Keywords:bio-hydrocarbons;Calophyllum inophyllum oil;chemical conversion;diesel oil;distillation;gasoline;kerosene;organic liquid product