The sulfur resistance and regeneration ability of Ni- or Co-impregnated La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-delta (LSCrM) composite anodes are investigated in this study. The sulfur resistance of the composite anodes are assessed after a 5 h sulfur poisoning process. Interestingly, the composite anodes exhibit weak sulfur resistance due to the excellent catalytic activity of catalyst to fuel oxidation. Both chemical and electrochemical oxidative methods are attempted to realize the regeneration of the composite solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) after the sulfur poisoning process. Notably, opposite results are exhibited by the two regeneration methods for the composite SOFCs. The chemical oxidative method can restore the electrochemical properties of the composite SOFCs, but the electrochemical oxidative method cannot. The regeneration and failure mechanisms of the Ni- or Co-impregnated LSCrM anodes are evaluated in detail. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.