The peculiarities of electronic and vibronic excitations transfer processes in polymers and hybrid nanosystems were examined. It is shown, that at distances less 15-25 angstrom the probability of electronic singlet and triplet excitation energy transfer is rather high and is close to unity. For the singlet-singlet energy transfer between neighbor pi-electron-containing macromolecular cells the phenomenon is explained by essential contribution of an exchange mechanism. A similar effect for hybrid functional nanosystems (that were designed for photodynamic therapy) was observed. The manifestations of vibronic excitation transfer along polymer chain were also studied. The critical distance for vibronic excitation transfer jump was estimated as 3-6 angstrom.