Catalysis Today, Vol.360, 388-400, 2021
Optimizing the lean hydrocarbon NOx trap: Sequential and dual-layer configurations
Vehicular emission control catalysts are ineffective in eliminating CO, hydrocarbons, and NOx during engine cold-start when exhaust temperatures are below 200 degrees C. In this study the performance of coupled low temperature NOx, n-C12H26 (C-12), and C3H6 trapping, release and conversion for a series of model Lean Hydrocarbon NOx Trap (LHCNT) catalysts are examined. Pd and Pt supported on small-pore (SSZ-13) and large-pore (BEA) zeolites are selected based on the performance during transient NO and C-12 uptake, release and conversion experiments. These catalysts are combined into sequential (Pt + Pd/BEA -> Pd/SSZ-13; Pd/SSZ-13 -> Pt + Pd/BEA) and dual-layer (Pt + Pd/BEA top, Pd/SSZ-13 bottom) configurations in an attempt to improve the trapping and conversion performance. While all three configurations trap between 75 and 100 mu molNO(x)/g-cat, the Pd/SSZ-13 -> Pt + Pd/BEA sequential configuration is most effective in simultaneously trapping C-12 and NO in the presence of H2O, resulting in excellent NO and C-12 storage below 100 degrees C with release and/or conversion at or above 200 degrees C. For each configuration, C-12 oxidation lights-off below 300 degrees C and NO oxidation achieves similar to 35 % conversion in the absence of C-12. Neither the presence of C-12 nor the order of the sequential configuration has a significant impact on NO uptake. C12 significantly delays NO and NO2 desorption to temperatures exceeding 300 degrees C. The more compact dual-layer catalyst is most effective in forming NO2 as the release temperature lines up with the maximum NO conversion temperature but traps less C-12 than the sequential configurations. The addition of C3H6 in the feed on the dual-layer catalyst leads to further delay in the NOx desorption as well as increased NO and C-12 conversion at high temperatures. The overall findings provide guidance in the optimizing LHCNT configuration for realistic feeds.