The catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae offers a strategic means of increasing the value of pyrogenic products. Microalgae are a promising pyrolysis feedstock. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art catalytic pyrolysis processes to form bio-oil with a high proportion of aromatic compounds. The focus is on the current knowledge of the mechanisms to form aromatic hydrocarbon species from the catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae. In addition, that the effects of the reaction conditions and catalyst selection on the yield and composition of microalgal biooil are reviewed. The information shows that the catalyst and feedstock properties are closely associated with the formation of desired aromatic compounds. In addition, this review defines the technical challenges that need to be overcome and suggests future research for the further development of catalytic pyrolysis technologies for the production of aromatics from microalgae.