In order to create low temperature environment for the valve testing, a new type of semiconductor refrigeration box based on semiconductor refrigeration chip and programmable logic controller (PLC) control system is designed. The power of the semiconductor refrigeration chip is determined by calculating the heat dissipation characteristics of the semiconductor refrigeration box. Combining natural convection heat dissipation with forced air cooling, the heat sink of semiconductor refrigeration chip is designed. In the control strategy, switch control is combined with an intelligent control strategy. Adaptive single neuron optimization algorithm based on quadratic optimization is adopted to adjust and optimize the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers in real time. Taking into account the limited hardware capabilities of the PLC, the Jacobian information in parameter adjustment is redesigned into a simplified form of identification. The actual test results of refrigeration box show good control performance. (C) 2020 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.